Membrane bioreactors employing hollow fiber membranes have become prominent as a robust technology for diverse biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article provid

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors demonstrate a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These cutting-edge systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate efficient mass transfer, cellular growth, and product accumulation. This comprehensiv